The Bastille, and its Role in the French Revolution

The Bastille is one of the most famous fortifications in European history, almost entirely because of the central role it plays in the mythology of the French Revolution. Form and Prison A stone fortress based around eight circular towers with five foot thick walls, the Bastille was smaller than later paintings have made it look, but it was still a monolithic and imposing structure that reached to seventy-three feet in height. It was built in the fourteenth century to defend Paris against the English and started to be used as a prison in the reign of Charles VI. This was still its most (in)famous function by the era of Louis XVI, and the Bastille had seen a lot of prisoners across the years. Most people had been imprisoned on the orders of the king with any trial or defense and were either nobles who had acted against the interests of the court, Catholic dissidents, or writers who were deemed seditious and corrupting. There was also a notable number of people whose families had deemed them stray and appealed to the king to have locked up for their (family’s) sake. By the time of Louis XVI conditions in the Bastille were better than popularly portrayed. The dungeon cells, whose damp hastened illness, were no longer in use, and most prisoners were housed in the middle layers of the building, in cells sixteen feet across with rudimentary furniture, often with a window. Most prisoners were allowed to bring their own possessions, with the most famous example being the Marquis de Sade who bought a vast quantity of fixtures and fittings, as well as an entire library. Dogs and cats were also permitted, to eat any rats. The governor of the Bastille was given a fixed amount for each rank of prisoner each day, with the lowest being three livres a day for the poor (a figure still better than some Frenchmen lived on), and over five times that for high ranking prisoners. Drinking and smoking were also allowed, as were cards if you shared a cell. A Symbol of Despotism Given that people could end up in the Bastille without any trial, it’s easy to see how the fortress developed its reputation: a symbol of despotism, of the oppression of liberty, of censorship, or royal tyranny and torture. This was certainly the tone taken by writers before and during the revolution, who used the very certain presence of the Bastille as a physical embodiment of what they believed was wrong with the government. Writers, many of whom had been released from the Bastille, described it as a place of torture, of living burial, of body draining, mind-sapping hell. The Reality of Louis XVI’s Bastille This image of the Bastille during the reign of Louis XVI is now largely believed to have been an exaggeration, with a smaller number of prisoners treated better than the general public had been led to expect. While there was undoubtedly a major psychological impact to being kept in cells so thick you couldn’t hear other prisoners – best expressed in Linguet’s Memoirs of the Bastille – things had improved considerably, and some writers were able to view their imprisonment as career building rather than life ending. The Bastille had become a relic of a previous age; indeed, documents from the royal court shortly before the revolution reveal plans had already been developed to knock the Bastille down and replace it with public works, including a monument to Louis XVI and freedom. The Fall of the Bastille On July 14th, 1789, days into the French Revolution, a massive crowd of Parisians had just received arms and cannon from the Invalides. This uprising believed forces loyal to the crown would soon attack to try and coerce both Paris and the revolutionary National Assembly, and were seeking weapons to defend themselves. However, arms needed gunpowder, and much of that had been moved to the Bastille by the crown for safety. A crowd thus gathered around the fortress, fortified by both the urgent need for powder, but by hatred for almost everything they believed was wrong in France. The Bastille was unable to mount a long-term defense as, while it had a forbidding number of guns, it had few troops and only two days worth of supplies. The crowd sent representatives into the Bastille to order the guns and powder be handed over, and while the governor – de Launay – declined, he did remove the weapons from the ramparts. But when the representatives left, a surge from the crowd, an accident involving the drawbridge, and the panicked actions of the crowd and soldiers led to a skirmish. When several rebel soldiers arrived with cannon, de Launay decided it was best to seek some sort of compromise for his men and their honor, although he did consider detonating the powder and most of the surrounding area with it. The defenses were lowered and the crowd rushed in. Inside the crowd found just seven prisoners, including four forgers, two insane, and one stray aristocrat. This fact was not allowed to ruin the symbolic act of seizing such a major symbol of once all-powerful monarchy. However, as a number of the crowd had been killed in the fighting – later identified as eighty-three instantly, and fifteen later on from injuries – compared to just one of the garrison, the crowd’s anger demanded a sacrifice, and de Launay was picked. He was marched through Paris and then murdered, his head being displayed on a pike. Violence had bought the second major success of the revolution; this apparent justification would bring many more changes over the next few years. Aftermath The fall of the Bastille left the population of Paris with the gunpowder for their recently seized weapons, giving the revolutionary city the means to defend itself. Just as the Bastille had been a symbol of royal tyranny before it fell, so after it was swiftly transformed by publicity and opportunism into a symbol of freedom. Indeed the Bastille â€Å"was much more important in its â€Å"afterlife† than it ever had been as a working institution of the state. It gave shape and an image to all the vices against which the Revolution defined itself.† (Schama, Citizens, p. 408) The two insane prisoners were soon sent to an asylum, and by November a fevered effort had demolished most of the Bastille’s structure. The King, although encouraged by his confidants to leave for a border area and hopefully more loyal troops, conceded and pulled his forces away from Paris and began to accept the revolution. Bastille Day is still celebrated in France each year.

The Price of Freedom Essay - 511 Words

The Price of Freedom What is the price for FREEDOM? Its obvious that the price for freedom is not free but that it is rather large. After obtaining freedom, we look back and wonder was it worth it? Was freedom overpriced? In other words, did we sacrifice and pay too much to be free? In the United States history, there have been many wars that have taken place. We live the way we do today because of the many brave men and women that have sacrificed their lives. There is no doubt that this is a huge price. One persons life is big enough! Just imagine losing your father, mother, sister, brother, or any other family member. Just imagine being drafted for a war that is known to be deadly. You know that when you leave you have a†¦show more content†¦All the liberties we have such as freedom of speech, freedom of religion, freedom of the press, etc#8230; could be the cause of all the conflicts today. Freedom probably makes way for political conflict the most, and as we know these conflicts can prevent our government from quickly responding to domestic and foreign problems. A free society also allows people to express their views how and when they want which can be troublesome. Just think of the Nazis and the Fascists. They could not have attained powe r if they had not once lived in a free country. What if we limited free speech? If free speech was denied to groups like racists, then racism could be easier to eliminate. Maybe the Oklahoma City bombing would have never occurred if free speech had been denied to the leaders of radical right militias. It seems like we are still paying the price of freedom constantly, doesnt it? Even though freedom can bring around problems such as these, I believe that we have to deal with these problems because overall freedom is good for us. We have to remember that freedom allows us to choose our paths in life that are best suited for us. Not to long ago, there were seventy-five Chinese people that were caught trying to sneak into America illegally. They were found packed inside of a crate the size of a tractor-trailer. Yes, thats right, they came to the United States in a crater with a few air holes on a boat. They enduredShow MoreRelatedPrice of Freedom1550 Words   |  7 PagesAssignment The Price of Freedom Freedom is believed by many to be physical. With freedom you can do what you want and say what you want without having to answer to anyone. The question is, is freedom really that simple? If so, does that mean we are all free? Reading the stories, â€Å"The Grand Inquisitor,† â€Å"Oedipus Rex,† and â€Å"The Crying of Lot 49,† have brought different perspectives on freedom. The three stories all brought into question the definition of freedom. Is freedom just the physicalRead MorePtsd, The Price Of Freedom785 Words   |  4 PagesPTSD, the Price of Freedom Freedom bears a heavy price. Many soldiers pay with their lives, while others relive the sights, sounds, and terror of combat. Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) affects thousands of American veterans each year. Is PTSD simply a weakness, or is it an epidemic? Though historically, the validity of PTSD has been argued, the pain is real, and there is a diagnosis to prove it. Combat-related PTSD stems from witnessing the suffering and death of others, and the exposureRead MorePtsd, The Price Of Freedom Essay903 Words   |  4 PagesPTSD, the Price of Freedom The freedoms Americans enjoy come at a price; brave military men and women often foot the bill. Many men and women pay with their lives; others relive sights, sounds, and terror of combat in the form of PTSD. There are several causes and risk factors for the development of PTSD. Combat-related PTSD appears slightly different than traditional PTSD. 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Winston s challenge of Oceania s imposed values and beliefs demonstrates humanity s need and subsequent pursuit of freedom. In Oceania, The Party is seen as the ultimate power; it imposes its authority and fear over its citizens with the use of technology. From the street corners to Winston s living room, the telescreens are used to monitor the thoughts and actionsRead MoreEssay on Hate Speech is the Price We Must Pay for Freedom of Speech2302 Words   |  10 PagesUnited States we enjoy many wonderful freedoms and liberties. Even though most of these freedoms seem innate to our lives, most have been earned though sacrifice and hard work. Out of all of our rights, freedom of speech is perhaps our most cherished, and one of the most controversial. Hate speech is one of the prices we all endure to ensure our speech stays free. But with hate speeches becoming increasingly common, many wonder if it is too great of a price to pay, or one that we should have to payRead MoreThe Symbolic Significance of Methuselah as It Reflects the Price Family in Specific and the Congo in General in the Book The Poisonwood Bi ble735 Words   |  3 Pagesleft by brother Fowls for the Price family. He has been denied freedom for very long and has been kept in a cage. Later when Nathan Price sets him free, he has no idea what to do with his independence. So he keeps flying near the Price house and depends on the Price girls for food. When Congo’s independence is announced, Methuselah gets killed and eaten by a cat. The imprisonment and freedom of Methuselah can symbolize the current and the future conditions of the Price family as well as the colonizationRead MoreElasticity Vocab794 Words   |  4 Pagesï » ¿Why the tepid response to higher gasoline prices? Most studies report that when US. gas prices rise by 10 percent, the quantity purchased falls by 1 to 2 percent. In September 2005, the retail gasoline price was $2.90 a gallon, about $1.00 higher than in September 2004, but purchases of gasoline fell by only 35 percent. Source: The New York limes, October 13, 2005 1. Calculate the price elasticity of demand for gasoline implied by what most studies have found. (2.90-1.90/1.90)= 52.6 2.Read MoreMilton Friedman s Capitalism And Freedom Essay1727 Words   |  7 Pagesand Freedom, investigates the link between economic and political freedom. While many supporters of democratic socialism consider that â€Å"politics and economics are separate and largely unconnected,† Friedman contests that the two are inextricably linked. To prove this assertion, he mentions that â€Å"the citizen of the United States who is compelled by law to devote †¦ ten percent of his income to the purchase of a particular kind of retirement contact †¦ is being deprived †¦ of his personal freedom,† theRead More American Freedom - No Greater Gift Essay1431 Words   |  6 PagesAmerican Freedom - No Greater Gift Silently they stand, tall, strong pillars of memory in a seemingly long since forgotten world. Rows upon rows of white marble glisten in the first rays of the rising sun. The shimmer of morning frost still graces their elegant arches as the brisk air begins to take on a slightly warmer tone. In this quiet hour, not quite night, yet still not day, one lone man stands respectfully next to a small, almost insignificant grave stone. His head hangs slightly bowed

Corporate Law Markets and Financial Services

Question: Discuss about the Corporate Law for Markets and Financial Services. Answer: Role of ASIC Highlighting its Investigative Powers Introduction The corporate, markets and financial services regulator of Australia is known as the ASIC (Australian Securities and Investments Commission). The principal role of ASIC is to contribute towards the economic reputation and wellbeing of the financial market of Australia by ensuring fairness and transparency that is supported by informed and confident investors and consumers (Asic.gov.au, 2016). The ASIC was established under the ASIC Act 2001 that has mandated that it should maintain, improve and facilitate the execution of the monetary framework and substances in Australia. There are three principal priorities of ASIC as highlighted below: To advance buyer and investor with trust and certainty; To guarantee reasonable, systematic and straightforward markets; To give proficient and available enlistment. All these are exercised by the ASIC in the implementation of its investigative powers and these shall be analyzed in this research paper. Analysis Advancing Buyer and Investor with Trust and Certainty Since 1991, ASIC has taken several steps for regulation of financial markets, securities and futures of over 1.3 million corporations and also successfully added to superannuation, insurance and deposit and credit ratio in the discharge of their responsibilities. ASIC exercises certain powers in the course of its operations and working. The legislations that ASIC takes care of are the Corporations Act 2001, the ASIC Act 2001, the Insurance Contracts Act 1984, the Superannuation Industry (Supervision) Act 1993 and the Life Insurance Act 1995. ASIC possesses powers to investigate breach of laws and also has the power to initiate a civil or criminal proceeding against a person who is liable under the said laws (Rich v Australian Securities and Investments Commission, [2004]). The investigative powers are derived by the ASIC under Section 13 of the ASIC Act. This empowers the body to take up an independent and formal investigation procedure whenever a breach of law is committed in any corporate entity. As soon as an investigation under Section 13 starts, the ASIC also has the power under Section 19 to ask any person for appearance and also call out for relevant information that is persistent with the investigation in question (Findlaw.com.au, 2016). Under Section 29, a watchdog can get into inspection of the books of the company. As and when it finds necessary, under Section 30, ASIC can issue a notice to demand a company and other people in association with the company to produce the books of accounts of the company (Australian Securities and Investments Commission v Lanepoint Enterprises Pty Ltd (Receivers and Managers Appointed), [2011]). Giving Guarantee Reasonable, Systematic and Straightforward Markets In case the company refrains from opening up its books of accounts even after these, then the ASIC has the authority to issue a court order from a judge or an equity of peace. The watchdog is also empowered with the right to issue a search warrant under his general powers as enshrined in the Crimes Act 1914 (Macleod v Australian Securities and Investments Commission, [2002]). The investigation powers of the ASIC sees its implementation in three distinct phases. Proactive Governance, Risk and Compliance (GRC) practices and rigorous monitoring and supervision of those practices may assist in limiting the scope of regulator investigations or avoid investigations altogether. The corporate entities at this stage need to review their existing GRC advice framework so that gaps in the matter can be identified and effective strategies can be framed by them in such a way that it forms a part of their preparation for surveillance requirements and further investigations that are taken up by ASIC in the course of their working (Belot, 2016). Giving Proficient and Available enlistment Once an enforcement action is taken up by ASIC there are certain concerns that arise in its own domain. These complaints need to be addressed in those instances. The ASIC hence engages in surveillance mechanisms and also takes up referral from other regulator reports under Section 912D of the Act. A basic stride amid this stage might be the willful remediation steps embraced by a licensee and/or misfortune alleviation ventures because of ASIC's worries (to the degree these worries are known). These underlying strides can be basic in future arrangements with ASIC amid an authorization stage (The Conversation, 2016). Understanding the obligations under the policy is extremely important to be noted in these matters. ASIC makes an assurance that the worry warrants a formal examination. Amid this stage, ASIC may likewise assemble for conferences with the licensee, issue sees for data, may look for formal reactions on specific issues raised by ASIC identifying with its worries, may look for reactions as detailed reports and/or may try to hold formal examinations with key people of interest (Findlaw.com.au, 2016). Conclusion As a component of its examinations or prerequisites on licensees to address ASIC's worries, ASIC may ask for the licensee to orchestrate a free audit of its customer records (Australian Securities and Investments Commission v Edensor Nominees Pty Ltd, [2001]). This might be consented to deliberately, through an authoritative plan, or in accordance with an enforceable undertaking. While such an audit would for the most part frame part of the examination or requirement stage, there are some particular matters that should be considered when the ASIC examination includes checking on customer records. It can be stated that the purpose for which ASIC was established has been taken off by the body in totality and the way it has been working proves its efficiency in itself. References Asic.gov.au. (2016).Our role | ASIC - Australian Securities and Investments Commission. [online] Available at: https://asic.gov.au/about-asic/what-we-do/our-role/ [Accessed 29 Sep. 2016]. Australian Securities and Investments Commission v Lanepoint Enterprises Pty Ltd (Receivers and Managers Appointed)[2011]HCA p.8. Australian Securities and Investments Commission v Edensor Nominees Pty Ltd[2001]HCA p.1. Belot, H. (2016).Public service red-tape blamed for ASIC's limited investigative powers. [online] Canberra Times. Available at: https://www.canberratimes.com.au/national/public-service/public-service-redtape-blamed-for-asics-limited-investigative-powers-20160420-gob18b.html [Accessed 29 Sep. 2016]. Findlaw.com.au. (2016).The Corporate Policeman: ASICs powers of investigation and prosecution. [online] Available at: https://www.findlaw.com.au/articles/892/the-corporate-policeman-asic8217s-powers-of-invest.aspx [Accessed 29 Sep. 2016]. Macleod v Australian Securities and Investments Commission[2002]HCA p.37. Rich v Australian Securities and Inverstments Commission[2004]HCA p.42. The Conversation. (2016).FactCheck: does ASIC already have the powers of a royal commission and more?. [online] Available at: https://theconversation.com/factcheck-does-asic-already-have-the-powers-of-a-royal-commission-and-more-57666 [Accessed 29 Sep. 2016].

Facilitation and Education Skills for Development- myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theFacilitation and Education Skills for Development forNursing Answer: Introduction: Nursing students are considered as the adult learners. Nursing students learning not only comprise of education but it also contributes to the actual clinical practice. Hence, practical aspects and life experiences need to be incorporated in the nursing education. Previous educational experiences and sharing of knowledge and experiences need to be incorporated in the nursing education. Bringing these experiences to the nursing education are being considered as the characteristics of the nursing learners (Bland et al., 2011). In this activity, educators and learners are of the same educational level. In this lesson, both theoretical and practical aspects of the blood transfusion taught to the learners. Lesson plan: This teaching session include 15 minutes lecture and group discussion. This lecture is planned to teach nurses about the blood transfusion. It also includes discussion among the students and discussion with the instructor because interactive session would be beneficial in the sharing of knowledge and improving knowledge of all the participants. In this lecture almost all the aspects of the blood transfusion are covered which comprises of theoretical and practical aspects. It starts with the outline of the subject; hence participants would come to know what is going to happen in the next 15 minutes. This exercise would be helpful in the augmenting interest of the participants and keep them engaged in the lecture. Outline followed by objective of lecture. It would be helpful in the assessing the participants at the end of the lecture. Nurse should be well versed with the practical aspects of blood transfusion. However, nurse should understand theoretical aspects like introduction to th e subject, indications in which blood transfusion required and contraindications in which blood transfusion should be avoided. After understanding theoretical aspects, nurse should be demonstrated with practical procedure for blood transfusion (Rothgeb, 2008). In this lesson, procedure for blood transfusion was demonstrated by using video media. Use of video media would be more beneficial in demonstrating procedure as compared to the other media. It would be helpful in providing every detail of the procedure. Hence, learner learns the procedure with minimum margin of error. Learning with minimum error has more importance because learning of procedure for the first time can be carried forward for the longer duration in the real nursing practice. Information about adverse reactions of blood transfusion during and after the procedure should be provided to participants. It would be helpful for the nurses to take precautions during blood transfusion. Hence, nurse can implement nursing intervention to prevent or mange these adverse reactions (Paige Morin, 2013). This lecture also give opportunity to the participants to think like performing blood transfusion. Nursing responsibilities for blood transfusion also provided in the lecture. These nur sing responsivities along with the video for blood transfusion procedure provided participants with detailed information about blood transfusion (Lasater, 2007). Strategies to engage adult learners: In this teaching session, attention was given to share responsibility by both instructor and participants. Participants were given opportunity to be more proactive during the lecture and self-directed in their learning. Along with nursing knowledge, participants got opportunity to learn team process skills. Participants were evaluated to assess their knowledge gain during lecture, along with this valuable feedback can also be obtained during the evaluation process. Evaluation process also would be helpful in assessing participants progress towards meeting objectives of the lesson. Reflection component of adult learners would be helpful in establishing own criteria for self-assessment of learning. Learning-centred teaching and learning was implemented in this lecture. This teaching method is inquiry based teaching and learning process. In this approach, learner can apply critical thinking, analyse tangible problems, work in collaboration, communicate effectively and demonstrate versat ility. Participants can search, evaluate and use literature resources in the learning process (Cant Cooper, 2010). Teaching techniques: There are different theories available for adult learning. These include andragogy, neuroscience, experimental learning, self-directed learning and transformational learning. Andragogy, experimental learning, self-directed learning and transformational learning were incorporated in this lesson of blood transfusion. Knowles Andragogy theory states that adults experience can guide them to improve their learning. Mezirows transformation theory is based on the new ideas which are based on the prior experiences. Experimental theory based on the application of prior experience in the learning. According to this, learning can be augmented by experiencing learning instead of memorizing. Foundation of experiences and knowledge of adult learners have implications like recognizing expertise of participants and encouraging other participants to share their knowledge and experience (Kenner Weinerman, 2011; Abdullah Islam, 2011). This is a clinical teaching method for nursing students. In clinical teaching method, different components like exposure, participation, identification, internalization and dissemination were incorporated. Participants got exposure to blood transfusion procedure through video media. These participants took participation in learning process through discussion. Identification quality developed in the participants through understanding of the critical parameters like adverse reactions. Dissemination of the knowledge to the participants occurred through different modes like theoretical teaching, practical exposure and group discussion. Cause and effect relationship is the important component of the nursing education. In this lesson, this relationship is mentioned in the form of adverse reactions. Teaching and learning in this nursing lesson comprise of different techniques, art and science (Keskitalo et al., 2014). Outcome based teaching and learning proved to be most effective method for nursing education. In this method, regular evaluation of the of the learners is required to meet objectives of the lecture. In this lesson also, outcome based teaching and learning was impended in the form of activity. In activity, participant need to explain accurate role in blood transfusion. Hence, it would be helpful in the evaluating outcome of the lesson. It is difficult to designate a single method as the best method for nursing and method of teaching should be based on the content of the lesson. Teaching method should be selected based on the complex understandings like instructor and students context. Instructor should understand knowledge and understandings of the student and practical skills. Teaching to the adults should be designed based on the interest of the adults. This method proved beneficial in adults because adult learners can tell specifically best method for their learning (Joseph, 2013). Resources and skills : Adult learners are goal-oriented and relevance-oriented. This makes adult learners more organised with clear objectives. In this lesson also, specific objective of the learners is to gain complete knowledge of the blood-transfusion technique. Relevance of adult learners training can be evident from the orientation of training objectives with the training activities. Relevance of the adult training is also evident from the activities and information gained through training which is useful in the actual job. In this lesson, training was provided for blood transfusion which is one of the important activities of the nursing intervention. Self-directed and autonomous nature of the adult learners is beneficial in improving involvement of participants, serving as facilitator and in determining interests of learners. Satisfactory respect should be given to the adult learners. Knowledge and experience of the adult learners should be acknowledged and these adult learners should be equally trea ted rather than treating them as subordinates. It can be accomplished by engaging them in the discussion (Collins Martin, 2010). In this lesson of blood transfusion also appropriate respect was given to the participants by involving them in the discussions during lecture. It was proved that active learning is more beneficial for the adult learners. Active learning includes more engagement of the learner and implementation of different instructional techniques to improve retention of knowledge. This lesson is not only instructional, however it is based on the principle of critical andragogy. According to this principle, there should be introduction of subject, concepts and theory to the students and asking students to discuss about the subject (Phipps et al., 2013). This lecture consists of all the qualities of effective lesson which comprises of minimum slides with coloured pictures. There are different teaching techniques like lecture, reading, use of audio-visual media, demonstration, group discussion and practice by doing. Efficiency of learning and teaching in adult learners gets augmented from lectures to practice by doing with least efficiency with lectures and highest efficiency with practice by doing. Instructional strategies in the adult learning comprises of quiz, games, role-playing, brainstorming, group problem solving and lecture. In this lesson of blood transfusion instructional strategies like role-playing, brainstorming, group problem solving were implemented. Example of role-playing in this training session was discussion among participants and with the instructor about the blood transfusion (Lack Bruce, 2014). There are mainly six components for the adult learning like visual, aural, print, tactile, interactive and kinaesthetic. In this lesson also visual and aural principles of adult learning were used in the form of power point presentation. Print and tactile principles were not used in this lesson. Interactive principle was used in this lesson by promoting participants in the discussion. Adult learning principle also include self-directed learning for adults. In this lesson also, self-directed learning included in the form of activity. In activity, participants should think themselves as performing blood transfusion. It promotes self-understanding of the blood transfusion procedure by the participants. Adult learning principle also include opportunities for the learner to reflect critically. In this lesson, participants were given opportunity to express their role during procedure. In this exercise of expression of role during procedure, participants can express their views in the both positive and negative aspects (Hughes Quinn, 2013; Guglielmino, 2013). Instructional design prior to lesson, is important aspect in the adults learning. In this lesson also, instructional design is provided in the form of outline of the lesson. For effective training, objectives of the training and related outcomes and benefits of the training should be mentioned in the lecture. This lesson also includes objectives directed towards outcome of the lesson (Myrick Tamlyn, 2007). All the components related to the andragogy like need for knowledge, motivation, willingness, experience, self-direction and orientation to learning were incorporated in this lesson. Critical thinking component of the transformation learning was implemented in this lesson. Reflective analysis: Reflective observation component of the experimental learning was incorporated in this lesson. Critical reflection is superior method as compared to criticising learner. Critical reflection also promotes sharing of experiences instead of expressing experience of instructor alone. These methods are helpful in knowledge retention, skill building and on-the-job application. There should be purpose for the learning. This learning should have practical application and solve the nursing problem. In this lesson also, participants learned blood transfusion techniques because it is very important in effective health care delivery and has potential to save lives of the people. It can be achieved by performing effective blood transfusion in right quantity, good quality, to right person and for the right indication. Hence, purpose of effective nursing intervention can be achieved in adult learning. Adults should use their own experiences and knowledge for learning new things. In case of adverse reactions, nurse should learn about the adverse reactions related to the blood transfusion. Nurse should manage these adverse reactions during blood transfusion. For management adverse reactions, learner can use prior knowledge of adverse reactions for its management (Rudolph et al., 2007). There was experience of professional authority during this training programme because wider knowledge was delivered to the participants. Knowledge and information were directed in the hierarchial relationship from the instructor to the participants. In this lesson, it was established that nursing teaching more inclined towards learner-centred teaching. Critical thinking during the teaching session could give the students opportunity to become better caregivers. Nursing teaching can be more democratic even with the implementation of traditional hierarchical models. Goal of the nursing teaching was to empower students to understand their definitive accountability. It is evident from this lesson that even though, few students were sceptical about reflective practice, they found useful in nursing teaching (Graue et al., 2015). Conclusion: From this lesson, participants benefited in both theoretical and practical aspects. Apart from this, learners got opportunity to express self-directedness, suggestions and self-reflection. As a result, instructors got immediate feedback of the lesson. Reflective discussions and performance outcomes helped participants to get inspired to progress in actual clinical practice. Most of the components incorporated in the lesson proved beneficial in improving engagement of the participants in learning process. Augmented engagement in the learning process can improve retention of the knowledge. In nursing teaching, educational environment should be created based on the needs and understanding of the students which would be helpful in creating more opportunity for adult learners. References: Abdullah, M.M.B. Islam, R., 2011, Nominal group technique and its applications in managing quality in higher education, Pakistan Journal of Commerce and Social Science 5(1), pp. 8199. Bland, A.J., Topping, A. Wood, B., 2011, A concept analysis of simulation as a learning strategy in the education of undergraduate nursing students, Nurse Education Today 31, pp. 664670. Cant, P.R. Cooper, S.J., 2010, Simulation-based learning in nursing education: Systematic review, Journal of Advanced Nursing 66(1), pp. 315. Collins, R.A. Martin, J.B., 2010, Integrating adult learning and technology for effective education: Strategic approaches, in V.C.X. Wang (ed.), Integrating adult learning and technologies for effective education: Strategic approaches, pp. 189205, Information Science Reference, Hershey. Graue, M., Rasmussen, B., Iversen, A. S., Dunning, T., 2015, Learning transitionsa descriptive study of nurses experiences during advanced level nursing education, BMC Nursing 14: 30, doi: 10.1186/s12912-015-0080-z. Guglielmino, L.M., 2013, The case for promoting self-directed learning in formal educational institutions, SA-eDUC Journal 10(2), 218. Hughes, S.J. Quinn, F.M., 2013, Quinns principles and practice of nurse education, 6th edn., Cengage Learning EMEA, Hampshire. Joseph, S., 2013, Strategies for enhancing student learning experiences in higher education,Caribbean Teaching Scholar3(2), pp. 97107. Kenner, C. Weinerman, J., 2011, Adult learning theory: Applications to non-traditional college learners, Journal of College Reading and Learning 41(2), pp. 8796. Keskitalo, T., Ruokamo, H. Gaba, D., 2014, Towards meaningful simulation-based learning with medical learners and junior physicians, Medical Teacher 36, pp. 230239. Lack, M. Bruce, J.C., 2014, How nursing learners perform in problem-based learning tutorials: A South African perspective, Journal of Nursing Education and Practice 4(7), pp. 156164. Lasater, K., 2007, Clinical judgement development: Using simulation to create an assessment rubric, Journal of Nursing Education 46(11), pp. 496503. Myrick, F., Tamlyn, D., 2007, Teaching can never be innocent: Fostering an enlightening education experience,Journal of Nursing Education 46 (7), pp. 299-303. Paige, J.B. Morin, K.H., 2013, Simulation fidelity and cueing: A systematic review of the literature, Clinical Simulation in Nursing 9(11), pp. e481e489. Phipps, S.T.A., Prieto, L.C. Ndinguri, E.N., 2013, Teaching an old dog new tricks: Investigating how age, ability, and self-efficacy influence intentions to learn and learning among participants in adult education, Academy of Educational Leadership Journal 17(1), pp. 1325. Rothgeb, M.K., 2008, Creating a nursing simulation laboratory: A literature review, Journal of Nursing Education 47(11), pp. 489494 Rudolph, J.W., Simon, R., Rivard, P., Dufresne, R.L. Raemer, D.B., 2007, Debriefing with good judgment: Combining rigorous feedback with genuine inquiry, Anesthesiology Clinics 25, pp. 361376.

The Color of Water free essay sample

The book uncovers how the main character Ruth, dealt with her negative memories of her past experience and how she was able to become a strong individual. In addition, in a Time magazine article â€Å"Intermarried.. with Children,† by Jill Smolowe and Greg Aunapu, explores how other families deal with interracial marriages. In the Social Science Quarterly there is an article, â€Å"Racial/Ethnic Identification of Children of Intermarried Couples† where the author reflects on how biracial families form their identity. Issues like interracial marriage as shown in the Time magazines article and loss of identity are relatable to â€Å"The Color of Water. â€Å"The Color of Water† written by James McBride is about a Jewish, white woman named Ruth who married two African-American men and had eight children in the first marriage and four in the second marriage. Their story is told through Ruth eighth child James. James had a conflict trying to understand why his mother was white and he was black. We will write a custom essay sample on The Color of Water or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Ruth refuses to tell her children about her past, because she wants them to believe that everyone is equal and fears they will think differently if they hear about her past. She did not want them to learn how hurtful racism could be. The Color of Water† begins with Ruth telling her son that she is dead. Ruth’s family has told her she was dead in their eyes because she went against their religion by marrying a black man. Her family disowned her because she did not marry a Jewish man and she went against all orthodox rules. Ruth’s contradictions confused her children when they were younger, but they grew into adults that better understood the hurtful side of racism and what their mother dealt with. They appreciate their mother’s experiences since she dealt with both racism and religious prejudice. Even though she was white, her own family had been evil to her. Ruth’s name changes three times in the book. First it is Rachul Dwajra Zylska which was her Hebrew name, then her name became Rachel Deborah Shilsky which was the name given to her when she came to America, and then when her family disowned her she became Ruth McBride Jordan which was her married name. McBride is the last name of the first husband and Jordan of the latter. In â€Å"The Color of Water†, James felt as an outcast during his childhood years because he did not resemble his mother and most of his classmates resembled their parents. However, James always had various questions to ask his mother about their background but Ruth was never the type of person to have an open discussion about her past. Some of her children grew up confused, some of them sided with their African-American side, and some didn’t question their background. Not having an open discussion with one’s children about one’s heritage can increase the chances of the child not being educated on their heritage. This also conflicts to them not accepting their heritage. Due to this, some children tend to have negative experiences when dealing with peers who do not accept children of color or mixed race. It is important to educate one’s child of their background so that the child can better handle their peers and the pressures that come with dealing with race and society. The Time magazine article â€Å"Intermarried.. with Children,† by Jill Smolowe and Greg Aunapu examines some of the increasing number in the United States of racial, ethnic and religious barriers people have before starting a life together. In past and current events families and their children have been threatened because of being integrated. According to the article in 1963 a family of Jewish and black descent had to get bodyguards because their children of â€Å"mixed ancestry caused near riots at their public school. † The homes of interracial families have reportedly been targets of hate crimes by members of their communities who do not accept mixed race households. According to the â€Å"The Color of Water† â€Å"James and his siblings were often the sole black students in school, and suffered from the prejudice of the white world. James discovered jazz during this period of life, embracing it as an escape from painful realities. He continued to try to resolve the dilemma of his race, frequently with frustrating results. His mother dodged the issue, occupying her children with â€Å"free cultural and artistic activities in the city. †(76) According to Ruth’s technique of avoiding the issue of James pain, the outcome only increased to James becoming negligent with himself while dealing with his mother refusal to give him a clear understanding of the issue. In â€Å"The Color of Water† the author had mentioned a negative experience his mother went through during her childhood years. As a child Ruth had dealt with prejudice against Jews in Suffolk, Virginia. In addition, to being threatened by people who were racist towards Jewish people she was also sexually abuse by her father. This is a common issue that some people face in their lives; in which there are various negative outcomes that some people would prefer to deal with their pain. For instance, some people may have very low self-esteem, or may have suicidal thoughts, drug or alcohol abuse etc. Although Ruth had a difficult childhood, she did have a moment when she had low self-esteem due to all the negative things that occurred in her life, and with that she was capable of overcoming those obstacles. James McBride’s search for his racial identity intensified during adolescence. While his older siblings were earning college degrees, McBride out of all his siblings rebelled the most. He ended up on a street corner, hanging out with punks and stealing. His mother sent him to his sister, Jackie’s house. James was hanging out with people who had nothing better to do with their time While In their company, something finally clicked and he realized the street corner was a dead end. James suffered while searching for his identity. During his adolescence, he went through a period of uncertainty and anxiety it turned self-destructive. Although Ruth dealt with her negative memories of her past experience, she overcame it and was able to become a strong individual. Ruth believed that her own children should experience more freedom that she did. However, â€Å"she accorded with her parents belief in the value of hard work, which she passed on to her children by reinforcement and example. † (98) She encouraged her children to embrace discipline and diligence from a young age. When James realized this about this mother he decided to approach his identity issue another way. James returned to high school, went on to college, and became a journalist. In the Social Science Quarterly there is an article, â€Å"Racial/Ethnic Identification of Children of Intermarried Couples† where the author reflects on how biracial families form their identity. According to the article children of biracial families tend to suffer the most of identity issues while growing. Children of African American and white couples are least likely to be identified as white, while children of Asian American and white couples are most likely to be identified as white. Intermarried couples in which the minority spouse is male, native born, or has no white ancestry are more likely to identify their children as minorities than are those in which the minority spouse is female, foreign born, or has part white ancestry. In addition, neighborhood minority concentration increases the likelihood that biracial children are identified as minorities. Like McBride and his siblings they all identified with their African American side of the race than with the white race. They grew up in Red Hook Brooklyn a predominantly African American neighborhood. They went to African American churches. Their mother raised them to identify with the African American community. Still, James identity was an issue because of the color of his mother skin. According to the article it is best to deal with children identity issues from a young age in order not to cause any confusion to them when they become adults. The title â€Å"The Color of Water† is significant because it shows that it does not matter what color you are and while as a child James asked his mother â€Å"what color is God† and Ruth tells her son that God is neither black nor white, he is the color of water, the perfect analogy. McBride’s recounting of his mother’s life helped him answer questions about race and identity that had troubled him his whole life because he realized how hard his mother’s life really was after he looked back at all the things she did. McBride perceives the historical events as continuing battles of race and his family was ones of the families that had to go through the racial battle. Ruth made her children get summer jobs and after-school jobs, and as they grew up, Ruth had high expectations for their careers. She supported them and was considered a strong, brave, independent single mother after her second husband’s death. This is what made Ruth a strong positive person by her positive attitude and strength to move forward with her life and holding high expectations for her children. This is what helped James move on and just live life, because his mother instilled in him values that go beyond race. Bibliography McBride, James. The Color of Water: A Black Mans Tribute to His White Mother. New York: Riverhead Books, 1996. Print. Qian, Zhenchao. Options: Racial/Ethnic Identification Of Children Of Intermarried Couples. Social Science Quarterly (Blackwell Publishing Limited) 85. 3 (2004): 746-766. Academic Search Complete. Web. 17 Dec. 2012. Smolowe, JillAunapu, Greg. Intermarried With Children. Time 142. 21 (1993): 64. MAS Ultra School Edition. Web. 17 Dec. 2012. The Color of Water Literary Research Paper Grecia Olivares-Diaz English 209-Section 001 – Children’s Literature Professor Adero-Zaire R. Green December 19, 2012 The Color of Water free essay sample Discuss the significance of the title for booth speak and the color of water? He significance of the title of speak Is literally what Its shouting out, It says Its about a kid who learns to speak up for him/herself . And the color of water the title Is a metaphor meaning that something that has no color Like water because It reflects from the sky. For example In the book James asks Ruth what color god Is she answers that god Is no color he Is the color of water and water does not have a color so he Is neither white, black, or any other; he has no color. )what Is a prominent theme for the color of water? How does It parallel the message In speak? He prominent theme for the color of water Is that no matter the color of your skin or yours or your family past. We will write a custom essay sample on The Color of Water or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page You will always be family even If they arena your parents they will love a there own. And also motivate your self to figure things out. And never let the past bring your feet forget the past and let It add to your success and make you stronger. Just Like In speak Melinda didnt let her past ruin her future. She fog and recovered. Keep moving forward and never look back. By Mooney 2)how does the setting contribute to the struggle of identity within the novel?How 3) what traits does James inherit from his mother? Which of these traits are most admirable for helpful in his personal Journey? The significance of the title of speak is literally what its shouting out, it says its about a kid who learns to speak up for him/herself . And the color of water the title is a metaphor meaning that something that has no color like water because it reflects from the sky. For example in the book James asks Ruth what color god is she answers hat god is no color he is the color of water and water does not have a color so he is 5)what is a prominent theme for the color of water? Owe does it parallel the message in speak? The prominent theme for the color of water is that no matter the color of your skin or yours or your family past. You will always be family even if they arena your parents they will love a there own. And also motivate your self to figure things out. A nd never let the past bring your feet forget the past and let it add to your success and make you stronger. Just like in speak Melinda didnt let her past ruin her future.

ACS, ASA, CSE, IEEE, AAA, and AIP on BibMe!

ACS, ASA, CSE, IEEE, AAA, and AIP on ! Attention Researchers: ACS, ASA, CSE, IEEE, AAA, and AIP on ! Focus on your research. You shouldn’t have to worry about formatting citations. Are you writing a research paper that requires a lesser known citation style?   supports  many CSL styles that you may not have known about. ACS – American Chemical Society The American Chemical Society (ACS) style is  most commonly used for research papers within the field of chemistry.   provides both the in-text citation and the reference list citation for ACS style.   For a full guide, check out the Williams College Libraries.   To generate  an ACS citation quickly and easily, try the ACS generator. ASA (American Sociological Association) Created by the American Sociological Association, ASA is the format of choice for many research papers within the study of sociology.   For a full reference guide on ASA styling, you can consult the  Trinity University guide.   To generate  an ACS citation quickly and easily, try the ASA generator. CSE – Council of Science Editors CSE style is also known as the Council of Biology Editors (CBE) Style.   There are three variations (Read more about that on the University of Wisconsin CSE Documentation page).   provides an extremely easy to use Citation-Name style  CSE generator. IEEE – Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) is a professional association that created the IEEE citation style for various sources on Engineering.   Use the IEEE citation generator along with the official guide. AAA – American Anthropological Association The American Anthropological Association (AAA) uses a variation of the Chicago Style.   For a full reference guide, use the AAA website.   To quickly generate an AAA citation, use ’s AAA generator. American Institute of Physics The American Institute of Physics (AIP) published its first style manual in 1951.   The format has been prevalent among Physics journals ever since.   Read the style manual for publishers  on the AIP Website, or check out the AIP Generator.

Ecology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Ecology - Essay Example such as inorganic aspects (carbon, nitrogen, carbon dioxide, water), organic compounds (protein, carbohydrates, lipids), climatic factors (temperature, moisture, light, topography), producers (plants), macro consumers and micro consumers (Unit 3: Ecosystems, 2004, p.56). Ecosystem is maintained by cycling nutrients and energy derived from the external sources. There are three levels in the ecosystem, where the first trophic level consists of the primary producers, that is, some bacteria, algae and plants. The herbivores that feed on the primary source like plants comprise the second trophic level and the third trophic level consists of the predators that consume the herbivores. Furthermore, the ecosystem also consists of another group called decomposers, which include worms, insects, bacteria, fungi, molds etc that â€Å"breakdown† the dead decaying substances, thus returning the nutrients to the soil (Unit 4: Ecosystems, n.d., p. 8). The gross primary productivity (GPP) of an ecosystem is the total amount of organic matter produced through photosynthesis, whereas the net primary productivity (NPP) refers to the energy that is present for plant growth â€Å"subtracting’ the amount that plant uses for respiration (9). In order to conduct detailed analysis of the ecosystem, one must first have a clear idea about ecosystem boundaries. The whole earth can be considered as an ecosystem because all things interact with each on earth. The ecosystem â€Å"distributed† regionally and globally can be identified by the common basic structural form (2 – Ecosystems and Their Services, n.d., p. 51). According to the analysis done by MA (Mill ennium Ecosystem Assessment), â€Å"10 categories† were made, namely, forest, island, dryland, polar, coastal, marine, inland water, mountain, cultivated and urban. These categories on their own cannot be considered as an ecosystem, but each category consists of many ecosystems, and the characteristic feature of all ecosystems are highly